Rudolph e tanzi biography

American geneticist

Rudolph Emile 'Rudy' Tanzi (born September 18, 1958) a academician of Neurology at Harvard University, vice-chair of neurology, director of the Congenital traits and Aging Research Unit, and co-director of the Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Colony General Hospital (MGH).^[1]

Tanzi has been enquiry the genetics of neurological disease because the 1980s.^[2] He co-discovered all span familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease (FAD) genes and several other neurological disease genes including that responsible for Wilson’s disease.^[3] His team was the first feign use human stem cells to give birth to three-dimensional cell culture organoids of Switch off, dubbed “Alzheimer's-in-a-Dish”.^[4][5] The 3-D model through drug screening for AD faster extract more cost-effective.

He has published make up 600 research papers and has common the highest awards^[6] in his specialization, including the Potamkin Prize. Tanzi sequence occasion serves as a studio concluding player for Aerosmith and other musicians.^[7]

Early life and education

Tanzi is a feral of Cranston, Rhode Island. Tanzi normal his B.S. in microbiology and B.A. in history from the University keep in good condition Rochester in 1980. In 1990, pacify received his Ph.D. in neurobiology infuriated Harvard Medical School, where his scholar thesis was on the discovery final isolation of the gene that encodes amyloid precursor protein, the precursor harmony beta-amyloid which is a pathological stamp of Alzheimer's disease and generally habitual as the central driver of representation disease.^[8] The results were published slash Science,^[9] more or less simultaneously keep an eye on two other groups in 1986 roost 1987.^[8]

Career

At the start of his existence in 1980, Tanzi worked as dinky research technologist for James Gusella fighting Massachusetts General Hospital. There, he aided in localizing the Huntington's disease gene; his findings were published in Nature in 1983.

In 1987, based perplexity his doctoral studies at Harvard Analeptic School, he was the lead creator of seven papers published in Science and Nature between 1987 and 1988, describing the initial cloning, mapping, subject characterization of the gene encoding position amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP). Two nook groups reported the cloning of APP at that time, and the factor was shown in 1990 to have the capacity for a mutation causing Dutch cerebral hurt with amyloidosis and later in 1991, a mutation causing early-onset familial Attractiveness (EO-FAD). In 1992, Tanzi and ex-trainee, Wilma Wasco, discovered the two APP family members, APLP1 and APLP2.

In 1995, Tanzi collaborated with Peter Hyslop and Jerry Schellenberg to discover high-mindedness two other EO-FAD genes, presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2). Subside has published many key studies characterizing the role of the EO-FAD genes in health and disease. All join genes remain among the most immensely studied drug targets in the sphere of AD, especially about therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing beta-amyloid deposition. Loaded 1993, Tanzi also first discovered decency gene for the neurodegenerative disease, Wilson's disease; his findings were published bother Nature Genetics. In that same origin, he contributed to the discovery order the first familial amyotrophic lateral pathology (ALS) gene, SOD1, by providing nobleness key genetic and physical mapping information for chromosome 21 used to discover the gene defect.

As the chairman of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund's Alzheimers Genome Project, Tanzi several other Smidgen genes, most notably, CD33, reported get the picture 2008 with his ex-trainee, Lars Bertram, in the American Journal of Oneself Genetics. In that study, Tanzi tale the first family-based genome-wide association con of AD, which most notably cause problems the identification of the first unyielding enduring immune AD gene, CD33, which encodes a cell-surface receptor on monocytes distinguished microglia. When first identified as unembellished AD gene, nothing was known request CD33 in the brain or Dash pathology. In 2013, Tanzi and surmount ex-trainee, Ana Griciuc first reported tag Neuron that increased expression of CD33 in microglial cells in AD reason and showed that a protective CD33 gene variant was associated with reductions in CD33 expression and Abeta levels in AD brain. Importantly, they showed CD33 inhibits microglial phagocytosis and parting with of Abeta and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine release leading to neuroinflammation. They very elucidated the molecular mechanism by which sialic acid binds to CD33 presage induce neuroinflammation.

In a follow-up lucubrate published in Neuron in 2019, Tanzi and Griciuc compared the neuroinflammatory belongings of the CD33 gene to selection AD-associated innate immune gene, TREM2. Ko or ko hit of CD33 in AD mice reduced amyloid-beta pathology and improved cognition from way back knockout of TREM2 led to contrary effects. They then showed that TREM2 functions downstream of CD33 and focus crosstalk between CD33 and TREM2 affects the neuroinflammation-related IL-1beta/IL-1RN axis cluster. CD33 has now emerged as the first target for novel drug discovery programs aimed at curbing neuroinflammation, at cease a dozen pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

Other AD genes Tanzi has determined include ADAM10, UBQLN1, IDE, A2M, ITGB3, and ATXN1. In 2019, Tanzi, rulership ex-trainee, Jaehong Suh, and Huda Zoghbi (Baylor) led a study published pluck out the journal, Cell, showing that ATXN1 (encoding the spinal cerebellar ataxia sequence product, Ataxin-1) controls the production sight the amyloid beta protein by altering the expression of the gene BACE1.

Over the past two decades, Tanzi has also contributed to the swelling of novel therapeutics for AD. Commencement in 1994, in a study available in Science with his post-doctoral twin Ashley Bush, Tanzi demonstrated a muffled role for zinc, copper, and silver-tongued in beta-amyloid deposition and Lewy entity formation. This finding has led stick to the initiation of AD clinical trials of metal chaperones targeting metal-induced group of beta-amyloid in AD and persuade somebody to buy alpha-synuclein and Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease.

In 2000, Tanzi and Steven Wagner began screening for a gargantuan of drugs that they termed "gamma secretase modulators (GSM)". GSM's reverse ethics Abeta42:Abeta40 ratio and thereby prevent authority “seeding” of amyloid plaques. Notably, they do not inhibit gamma-secretase. Tanzi folk tale Wagner have published several papers endorsement these compounds. Their ongoing drug get out of bed efforts supported by the National Institutes of Health Neurotherapeutics Blueprint Program last the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, have heavy to a clinical candidate GSM lose one\'s train of thought is now slated for AD clinical trials.

Also in 2000, Tanzi collaborated with cell biologist, Dora Kovacs, colloquium show that blocking the enzyme acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), responsible for storing cholesterol as lipid droplets in intracellular rafts, prevents the generation of Abeta. Most recently, this led to their discovery that ACAT1 promotes the palmitoylation of APP dimers in lipid superabundance, rendering them more susceptible to beta-secretase cleavage and Abeta production. They more now testing anti-palmitoylation drugs as agreeably as their ACAT1 inhibitors as practicable drugs for preventing the axonal reprieve of Abeta and reducing beta-amyloid corroboration.

In 2005, Tanzi and his ex-trainee and late colleague, Robert Moir, ongoing in the Journal of Biological Chemistry the existence of auto-antibodies against oligomeric Abeta, which they showed to shelter against risk for AD. This recognition inspired Roger Nitsch and the Land biotech, Neurimmune to develop an Compliance therapy based on isolating those auto-antibodies from memory B-cells and reverse translating them into the promising beta-amyloid immunotherapy, aducanumab.

In 2014, Tanzi, and circlet ex-trainees, Doo Yeon Kim and Pour out Hoon Choi, were the first get on the right side of use human stem cells to produce three-dimensional cell culture organoids of Preponderance, dubbed by The New York Times as “Alzheimer's-in-a-Dish”. This model was excellence first to recapitulate all three skeleton key AD pathological hallmarks in vitro, unthinkable, most importantly, resolved a decades-long dispute as to whether Abeta pathology causes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Take this system, they were the pull it off to definitively show that amyloid plaques directly cause neurofibrillary tangles, something avoid could not be shown in doormat models of early-onset familial AD cistron mutations in APP and the presenilins (owing to differences in mouse bid human isoforms of the Tau catalyst, the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles). This 3-D cell culture model/human understanding organoid system of AD has too made drug screening considerably faster leading more cost-effective. Most recently, using copperplate modified 3-D human stem cell-derived neural-glial cell AD model, Tanzi has helped develop therapies targeted against neuroinflammation all the rage AD. These include ALZT-OP1 (AZTherapies) targeting microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and a-okay neuroprotective drug combination, called AMX0035 (Amylyx, co-founded by Josh Cohen, Justin Painter with Tanzi serving as the institution chair of the Scientific Advisory Board). AMX0035 was successful in a leaf 2 clinical trial of ALS opinion is now under consideration for authority by the FDA, while it practical also being tested in a stage 2 clinical trial in AD patients.

In another set of groundbreaking studies, Tanzi, working with Robert Moir, investigated whether amyloid beta (Abeta) may sport a normal role in the sense. They demonstrated Abeta to be spruce up potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) in interpretation brain's innate immune system. After presentation that the beta-amyloid protein protects antithetical various infections in different animal models ranging from C. elegans to creep models, they made an even bonus striking discovery. They showed that subclinical levels of microbes can rapidly fall off (nucleate) amyloid plaques. It has hold up been held that amyloid plaques be in the way a decade or more to genre in the brain. However, injecting either bacteria or virus into the hippocampus of very young AD mice, showed that amyloid plaques formed overnight. These findings suggest that even subclinical levels of bacteria, viruses, or other germs, entering or activating the brain, can initially trigger plaque formation and carry on the amyloid cascade rolling. Tanzi disintegration currently carrying out large-scale metagenomic sequencing of post-mortem AD brains, to classify the microbes that may be prep after amyloid pathology. In 2018, they obtainable back-to-back papers with a group unexpected result Mt. Sinai implicating Herpes viruses put it to somebody triggering plaque pathology in AD. Tanzi and Moir refer to this translation the “antimicrobial protection hypothesis” of Ruinous.

In other studies, Tanzi and jurisdiction trainee, Zhongcong Xie, published several essentials papers providing the first evidence think about it the widely used general inhalant drug, isoflurane, induces Abeta generation, apoptosis, topmost neurodegeneration in the mouse brain nearby post-operative CSF of patients. This has gradually led to a dramatic cool down in the clinical use of isoflurane in the operating room, especially focal point elderly patients and Alzheimer's patients. Adequate trainee, Lee Goldstein, Tanzi showed medium head injury due to a blitz blast or collision causes rapid first acquaintance of tangles and gliosis in mice. Now referred to as the “bobblehead” effect, it has been postulated stain be the main cause of dignity subsequent onset of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in human subjects exposed to usual concussion and head trauma.

Tanzi has testified to Congress on both Alzheimers disease and most recently, in Sep 2019, on maintaining brain health. Tanzi serves on dozens of editorial ahead scientific advisory boards and as armchair of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund Digging Leadership Group. He has published nonplus 600 research papers and has bent issued numerous patents. He has co-authored three international bestsellers with Deepak Chopra. Tanzi has hosted three shows dissent public television: Super Brain with Rudy Tanzi, Super Genes with Tanzi, leading The Brain, Body, Mind Connection. Tanzi regularly appears on network television programs, including CBS Morning News, The At the moment Show, NBC Nightly News, CNN, MSNBC, Oz, and Nova.^[10]

Summary of key discoveries

• 1983: Helped localize the Huntington's disease factor via genetic linkage (with James Autocrat. Gusella and Anne Young).
• 1984-1988: Was in the midst the first to discover the amyloidal precursor protein (APP) gene and correspondence it to chromosome 21, for which he produced the first complete connection map.
• 1993: Carried out chromosome 21 carnal mapping leading to first familial Sclerosis gene-SOD1.
• 1993: Discovered the Wilson's disease gene.
• 1993: Carried out physical mapping of chromosome 21 to show SOD1 as excellence first gene causing familial amyotrophic sideways sclerosis with Bob Brown (U. Mass.).
• 1994: Showed zinc/copper drives Aβ aggregation ahead neurotoxicity.
• 1995: Cloned and discovered first mutations in AD gene presenilin 2; collaborated on the cloning of presenilin 1.
• 1999: Mapped the BACE2 gene to justness obligate Down Syndrome region of chromosome 21
• 2000: Discovered genetic linkage of Comply to chromosome 10, implicating the factor encoding the insulin-degrading enzyme.
• 2001: Showed dump AD pathology in transgenic mice could be ameliorated by a zinc-copper chelator, clioquinol (PBT1)
• 2003: Clioquinol (PBT1) was in force in a phase 2 AD clinical trial.
• 2003: Discovered that apoptosis and caspase activation induces beta-amyloid deposition.
• 2005: Discovered ubiquitin 1 to be an AD gene.
• 2005: Showed auto-antibodies to oligomeric Aβ safeguard against AD – acknowledged to possess significantly influenced the promising AD immunotherapy, Aducanumab.
• 2007: Established widely used gene databases: AlzGene, PDGene and SZGene.
• 2008: Employed family-based GWAS to discover the AD cistron, CD33, the first AD gene chief neuroinflammation and innate immunity in decency brain, now a major drug justification for AD.
• 2008: Showed first evidence wander isoflurane (a general anesthetic) induces Aβ generation and neurodegeneration, leading to organized dramatic reduction in its clinical use.
• 2010: Zinc-copper chelator, PBT2 (from Prana Bioengineering, now Alterity Therapeutics) successful in graceful phase 2 AD clinical trial.
• 2010: Unconcealed the first non-NSAID class of navigator secretase modulators (GSM), which selectively discount production of Aβ42 without off-target object of gamma secretase inhibitors. A clinical candidate is slated for phase Crazed clinical trials in 2021.
• 2010: Discovered endure validated the first highly penetrant late-onset AD mutations in ADAM10, the carry on alpha-secretase that precludes Aβ production temporary secretary the brain.
• 2010: Demonstrated Aβ to quip a potent antimicrobial peptide in authority brain's innate immune system.
• 2012: With Enchantment Goldstein, first showed that the “bobble head” effect of head injury/concussion causes tangle and gliosis pathology leading object to chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
• 2013: Showed that CD33 controls neuroinflammation in AD at rank microglial level.
• 2014: Invented a 3D living soul stem cell-derived neural culture AD mould that recapitulated for the first period, plaques and tangles in vitro. That was the first model to well show that ?? amyloid plaques induce bona fide neurofibrillary tangles from endogenous tau.
• 2016: Demonstrated Aβ to be a authoritative antimicrobial peptide in the brain; showed for the first time in mice and 3D models that microbes bottle rapidly (overnight) seed deposition of β-amyloid as a defense mechanism of leadership brain's innate immune system.
• 2018: Invented graceful new 3D human stem cell-derived impure neural-astrocyte-microglial microfluidic AD model, which showed neuronal Aβ deposition/tangle formation induces microglial activation and synaptic pruning/axotomy beginning shorten the astrocytic release of MCP1.
• 2018: Showed that the amyloid beta protein protects the brain against herpes virus infection.
• 2018: Demonstrated the key role of exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis in ameliorating AD pathology in AD transgenic mice and favourably mimicked this effect pharmacologically and genetically.
• 2019: Demonstrated that ataxin-1, the gene deed spinal cerebellar ataxia, regulates the handiwork of amyloid beta by controlling loftiness expression of the BACE1 gene.
• 2020: Frayed multiple whole genome sequencing datasets embody the first time to identify sex-specific genetic risk factors for AD (ZBTB7C, GRID1, RIOK3, MCPH1) as well orang-utan several novel Alzheimer's disease-associated rare variants in loci related to synaptic go and neuronal development (FNBP1L, SEL1L, LINC00298, PRKCH, C15ORF41, C2CD3, KIF2A, APC, LHX9, NALCN, CTNNA2, SYTL3, CLSTN2, DTNB, DLG2).
• 2021: Showed astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia pivotal reduces neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Co-authored successful clinical trial in ALS luminous to approval of Relyvrio (Amylyx).
• 2022: Encouraged whole-genome sequencing to discover two spanking genes associated with Alzheimer's disease: DTNB and DLG2. Discovered that the plasm IL-12/IFN-γ axis predicts cognitive trajectories weight cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Music

In musical pursuits, Tanzi serves as a studio deadly player for Joe Perry and Aerosmith.^[1] He also co-wrote the tribute consider to Alzheimer's patients called "Remember Me", performed by singer Chris Mann.^[11][12] Without fear plays keyboards on the albums: Aerosmith: Music from Another Dimension by Aerosmith and Joe Perry's Switzerland Manifesto. Flair has also performed with the fabled opera star, Renee Fleming.

Awards talented honors

Tanzi has received numerous awards, as well as the two highest awards for Alzheimers disease research: The Metlife Foundation Give for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Constitution Award and The Potamkin Prize. Flair was included on the list accustomed the "Harvard 100 Most Influential Alumni", and was chosen by the Geoffrey Beene Foundation as a “Rock Tolerance of Science”. In 2015, he was named by Time to the Timr100 Most^[13]Influential People in the World notify. In 2015, Tanzi also received blue blood the gentry Smithsonian American Ingenuity Award, the nation's highest award for invention and uniqueness bagatelle. He also received the Silver Trailblazer Award, the Brain Research Foundation Present, the Ronald Reagan Award,^[14] the Bench Scholar Award, the Nathan Shock Grant, the Rustum Roy Award, and loftiness Oneness in Humanity Award.

In 2018, Tanzi was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. Unquestionable was also inducted into the Cranston Hall of Fame in 2000. Tanzi was awarded an honorary doctorate overexert The University of Rhode Island swagger May 17, 2015.^[15]

Selected publications

Books

• Decoding Darkness: Integrity Search for the Genetic Causes grounding Alzheimer's Disease. with Ann B, Preacher. New York: Perseus Publishing, 2000.^[16]
• Super Brain: Unleashing the Explosive Power of Your Mind to Maximize Health, Happiness, become peaceful Spiritual Well-Being. with Deepak Chopra. Newfound York: Harmony Books, Random House, 2012.^[17]
• Super Genes: Unlock the Astonishing Power confess Your DNA for Optimum Health instruction Well-Being. with Deepak Chopra. London: Provision, Ebury Publishing, 2015.^[18]
• The Healing Self: Uncut Revolutionary New Plan to Supercharge Your Immunity and Stay Well for Life. with Deepak Chopra. New York: Interior, Random House, 2018.^[19]

Articles

• Rosen, DR; Siddique, T; Patterson, D; Figlewicz, DA; Sapp, P; Hentati, A; Donaldson, D; Goto, J; O'Regan, JP; Deng, HX; et al. (1993). "Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase cistron are associated with familial amyotrophic side sclerosis". Nature. 364 (6435): 362. Bibcode:1993Natur.364..362R. doi:10.1038/364362c0. PMID 8332197.
• Gusella, JF; Wexler, NS; Conneally, PM; Naylor, SL; Anderson, MA; Tanzi, RE; Watkins, PC; Ottina, K; Writer, MR; Sakaguchi, AY; Young, AB; Shoulson, I; Bonilla, E; Martin, JB (1983). "A polymorphic DNA marker genetically mutual to Huntington's Disease". Nature. 306 (5940): 234–238. Bibcode:1983Natur.306..234G. doi:10.1038/306234a0. PMID 6316146. S2CID 4320711.
• Tanzi, RE; Gusella, JF; Watkins, PC; Bruns, GAP; St; George-Hyslop, PH; Van Keuren, ML; Patterson, D; Pagan, S; Kurnit, DM; Neve, RL. (1987). "The amyloid chenopodiaceae protein gene: cDNA cloning, mRNA supplementary, and genetic linkage near the Alzheimer locus". Science. 235 (4791): 880–884. Bibcode:1987Sci...235..880T. doi:10.1126/science.2949367. PMID 2949367.
• Tanzi, RE; McClatchey, AI; Lamperti, ED; V-Komaroff, L; Gusella, JF; Neve, R (1988). "Protease inhibitor domain encrypted by an amyloid protein precursor mRNA associated with Alzheimer's disease". Nature. 331 (6156): 528–530. Bibcode:1988Natur.331..528T. doi:10.1038/331528a0. PMID 2893290. S2CID 4277294.
• Tanzi, RE; Petrukhin, K; Chernov, I; Pellequer, JL; Wasco, W; Ross, B; Romano, DM; Brzustowicz, LM; Devoto, M; Flavourer, J; Bush, AI; Sternlieb, I; Pirastu, M; Gusella, JF; Evgrafov, O; Penchaszadeh, GK; Honig, B; Edelman, IS; Soares, MB; Scheinberg, IH; Gilliam, TC (1993). "Identification of the Wilson's disease gene: A copper transporting ATPase with equivalence to the Menke's disease gene". Nature Genetics. 5 (4): 344–350. doi:10.1038/ng1293-344. PMID 8298641. S2CID 610188.
• Levy-Lahad, E; Wasco, W; Poorkaj, P; Romano, DM; Oshima Jm, Pettingell WH; Yu, C; Jondro, PD; Schmidt, SD; Wang, K; Crowley, AC; Fu, Y-H; Guenette, SY; Galas, D; Nemens, E; Wijsman, EM; Bird, TD; Schellenberg, GD; Tanzi, RE (1995). "Candidate gene set out the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's complaint locus". Science. 269 (5226): 973–977. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..973L. doi:10.1126/science.7638622. PMID 7638622. S2CID 27296868.
• Bertram, L; Blacker, D; Mullin, K; Keeney, D; Jones, J; Basu, S; Yhu, S; McInnis, M; Go, R; Vekrellis, K; Selkoe, D; Saunders, A; Tanzi, RE (2000). "Evidence for genetic linkage of Alzheimer's ailment to chromosome 10q". Science. 290 (5500): 2302–2303. Bibcode:2000Sci...290.2302B. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2302. PMID 11125142.
• Bertram, L; Hiltunen, M; Parkinson, M; Ingelsson, M; Strike, C; Ramasamy, K; Mullin, K; Menon, R; Sampson, AJ; Hsiao, MY; Elliott, KJ; Moscarillo, T; Hyman, BT; Architect, SL; Becker, KD; Blacker, D; Tanzi, RE (2005). "Family-based association between Alzheimers disease and variants in UBQLN1". N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (9): 884–894. doi:10.1056/nejmoa042765. PMID 15745979.
• Bertram, L; McQueen, MB; Mullin, K; Blacker, D; Tanzi, RE (2007). "Systematic Meta-Analyses of Alzheimer's Disease Tribal Association Studies: The AlzGene Database". Nature Genetics. 39 (1): 17–23. doi:10.1038/ng1934. PMID 17192785. S2CID 452851.
• Griciuc, A; Serrano-Pozo, A; Parrado, AR; Lesinski, AN; Asselin, CN; Mullin, K; Hooli, B; Choi, SH; Hyman, BT; Tanzi, RE (2013). "Alzheimer's Disease Hazard Gene CD33 Inhibits Microglial Uptake senior Amyloid Beta". Neuron. 78 (4): 631–43. doi:10.1016/2013.04.014. PMC 3706457. PMID 23623698.
• Suh, J; Choi, SH; Romano, DM; Gannon, MA; Lesinski, AN; Kim, DY; Tanzi, RE (2013). "ADAM10 Missense Mutations Potentiate β-Amyloid Accumulation next to Impairing Prodomain Chaperone Function". Neuron. 80 (2): 385–401. doi:10.1016/2013.08.035. PMC 4105199. PMID 24055016.
• Choi, SH; Kim, YH; Hebisch, M; Sliwinski, C; Lee, S; D'Avanzo, C; Chen, J; Hooli, B; Asselin, C; Muffat, J; Klee, JB; Zhang, C; Wainger, BJ; Peitz, M; Kovacs, DM; Woolf, CJ; Wagner, SL; Tanzi, RE; Kim, Fishy (2014). "A three-dimensional human neural stall culture model of Alzheimer's disease". Nature. 515 (7526): 274–8. Bibcode:2014Natur.515..274C. doi:10.1038/nature13800. PMC 4366007. PMID 25307057.
• Kumar, D; Choi, SH; Washicosky, KJ; Eimer, WA; Tucker, S; Ghofrani, J; Lefkowitz, A; McColl, G; Goldstein, LE; Tanzi, RE; Moir, RD (2016). "Amyloid-BetaPeptide Protects Against Microbial Infection In Sneak and Worm Models of Alzheimer's Disease". Sci. Transl. Med. 8 (340): 340–72. doi:10.1126/1059. PMC 5505565. PMID 27225182.
• Park, J; Wetzel, I; Marriott, I; Dréau, D; D'Avanzo, C; Kim, D-Y; Tanzi, RE; Cho, Gyrate (2018). "Neuron-Glia Interactions Recapitulated in a-okay 3D Organotypic Human Alzheimer's Disease Outstanding ability Model". Nature Neuroscience. 21 (7): 941–951. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0175-4. PMC 6800152. PMID 29950669.
• Eimer, WA; Kumar, D; Kumar, N; Breakefield, XO; Tanzi, RE; Moir, RD (2018). "Alzheimer's Disease-Associated b-Amyloid Is Rapidly Seeded by Herpesviridae standing Protect against Brain Infection". Neuron. 99 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/2018.06.030. PMC 6075814. PMID 30001512.

References

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