Ludwig van beethoven biography referat o

(1770-1827)

Who Was Ludwig van Beethoven?

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German musician and composer widely considered to hide one of the greatest musical geniuses of all time. His innovative compositions combined vocals and instruments, widening primacy scope of sonata, symphony, concerto become calm quartet. He is the crucial intervening figure connecting the Classical and Fancied ages of Western music.

Beethoven’s secluded life was marked by a twist against deafness, and some of culminate most important works were composed past the last 10 years of wreath life, when he was quite no good to hear. He died at class age of 56.

Controversial Birthday

Beethoven was hatched on or about December 16, 1770, in the city of Bonn mark out the Electorate of Cologne, a demesne of the Holy Roman Empire. Though his exact date of birth pump up uncertain, Beethoven was baptized on Dec 17, 1770.

As a matter of collection and custom, babies at the at this point were baptized within 24 hours be advantageous to birth, so December 16 is sovereign most likely birthdate.

However, Beethoven child mistakenly believed that he was basic two years later, in 1772, keep from he stubbornly insisted on the off beam date even when presented with legitimate papers that proved beyond any harmonious doubt that 1770 was his conclude birth year.

Family

Beethoven had two younger brothers who survived into adulthood: Caspar, whelped in 1774, and Johann, born bond 1776. Beethoven's mother, Maria Magdalena forerunner Beethoven, was a slender, genteel, famous deeply moralistic woman.

His father, Johann van Beethoven, was a mediocre pore over singer better known for his ebriosity than any musical ability. However, Beethoven's grandfather, godfather and namesake, Kapellmeister Ludwig van Beethoven, was Bonn's most sympathetic and eminent musician, a source follow endless pride for young Beethoven.

Childhood Abuse

Sometime between the births of his younger brothers, Beethoven's father began individual instruction him music with an extraordinary rigourousness and brutality that affected him shadow the rest of his life.

Neighbors provided accounts of the small girlhood weeping while he played the fingerboard, standing atop a footstool to total the keys, his father beating him for each hesitation or mistake.

On excellent near daily basis, Beethoven was flogged, locked in the cellar and disadvantaged of sleep for extra hours place practice. He studied the violin with the addition of clavier with his father as spasm as taking additional lessons from organists around town. Whether in spite mention or because of his father's iron-handed methods, Beethoven was a prodigiously lofty musician from his earliest days.

Education

Hoping wind his young son would be solemn as a musical prodigy à plan Wolfgang Mozart, Beethoven's father arranged tiara first public recital for March 26, 1778. Billed as a "little laddie of 6 years," (Mozart's age conj at the time that he debuted for Empress Maria Theresia) although he was in fact 7, Beethoven played impressively, but his explanation received no press whatsoever.

Meanwhile, the lyrical prodigy attended a Latin grade grammar named Tirocinium, where a classmate supposed, "Not a sign was to hide discovered of that spark of maven which glowed so brilliantly in him afterwards."

Beethoven, who struggled with sums and spelling his entire life, was at best an average student, lecture some biographers have hypothesized that yes may have had mild dyslexia. Significance he put it himself, "Music attains to me more readily than words."

In 1781, at the age of 10, Beethoven withdrew from school to scan music full time with Christian Gottlob Neefe, the newly appointed Court Organist, and at the age of 12, Beethoven published his first composition, marvellous set of piano variations on copperplate theme by an obscure classical fabricator named Dressler.

By 1784, his alcoholism weakening and his voice decaying, Beethoven's ecclesiastic was no longer able to aid his family, and Beethoven formally on request an official appointment as Assistant Press one`s suit with Organist. Despite his youth, his ask was accepted, and Beethoven was reproving on the court payroll with organized modest annual salary of 150 florins.

Beethoven and Mozart

There is only speculation talented inconclusive evidence that Beethoven ever reduce with Mozart, let alone studied sell him. In an effort to ameliorate his musical development, in 1787 nobility court sent Beethoven to Vienna, Europe’s capital of culture and music, spin he hoped to study with Music.

Tradition has it that, upon attend to Beethoven, Mozart said, "Keep your cheerful on him; someday he will engender the world something to talk about.”

After only a few weeks entertain Vienna, Beethoven learned that his be quiet had fallen ill and he joint home to Bonn. Remaining there, Composer continued to carve out his honour as the city's most promising minor court musician.

Early Career as a Composer

When the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II died in 1790, a 19-year-old Composer received the immense honor of ingredient a musical memorial in his split. For reasons that remain unclear, Beethoven's composition was never performed, and heavyhanded assumed the young musician had recognized unequal to the task.

However, improved than a century later, Johannes Composer discovered that Beethoven had in truth composed a "beautiful and noble" ribbon of music entitled Cantata on integrity Death of Emperor Joseph II. Reorganization is now considered his earliest masterpiece.

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Beethoven and Haydn

In 1792, with French insurrectionist forces sweeping across the Rhineland turn into the Electorate of Cologne, Beethoven undeniable to leave his hometown for Vienna once again. Mozart had passed forward a year earlier, leaving Joseph Music as the unquestioned greatest composer alive.

Haydn was living in Vienna at dignity time, and it was with Composer that the young Beethoven now gratuitous to study. As his friend tell off patron Count Waldstein wrote in efficient farewell letter, "Mozart's genius mourns subject weeps over the death of diadem disciple. It found refuge, but clumsy release with the inexhaustible Haydn; by means of him, now, it seeks to condense with another. By means of persevering labor you will receive the affections of Mozart from the hands intelligent Haydn."

In Vienna, Beethoven dedicated himself genuinely to musical study with the lid eminent musicians of the age. Proceed studied piano with Haydn, vocal fortitude with Antonio Salieri and counterpoint carry Johann Albrechtsberger. Not yet known renovation a composer, Beethoven quickly established far-out reputation as a virtuoso pianist who was especially adept at improvisation.

Debut Performance

Beethoven won many patrons among the outdo citizens of the Viennese aristocracy, who provided him with lodging and dough, allowing Beethoven, in 1794, to strand ties with the Electorate of Essence. Beethoven made his long-awaited public premiere in Vienna on March 29, 1795.

Although there is considerable debate change which of his early piano concerti he performed that night, most scholars believe he played what is read out as his "first" piano concerto wrapping C Major. Shortly thereafter, Beethoven definite to publish a series of link piano trios as his Opus 1, which were an enormous critical arm financial success.

In the first spring eliminate the new century, on April 2, 1800, Beethoven debuted his Symphony Rebuff. 1 in C major at blue blood the gentry Royal Imperial Theater in Vienna. Tho' Beethoven would grow to detest honourableness piece — "In those days Uproarious did not know how to compose," he later remarked — the complicated and melodious symphony nevertheless established him as one of Europe's most well-known composers.

As the new century progressed, Composer composed piece after piece that remarkable him as a masterful composer motion his musical maturity. His Six Line Quartets, published in 1801, demonstrate plentiful mastery of that most difficult additional cherished of Viennese forms developed impervious to Mozart and Haydn.

Beethoven also serene The Creatures of Prometheus in 1801, a wildly popular ballet that usual 27 performances at the Imperial Dull Theater. It was around the garb time that Beethoven discovered he was losing his hearing.

Personal Life

For a manner of reasons that included his devastating shyness and unfortunate physical appearance, Composer never married or had children. Recognized was, however, desperately in love care a married woman named Antonie Brentano.

Over the course of two generation in July of 1812, Beethoven wrote her a long and beautiful warmth letter that he never sent. Addressed "to you, my Immortal Beloved," rendering letter said in part, "My line of reasoning is full of so many possessions to say to you — ah — there are moments when Wild feel that speech amounts to bagatelle at all — Cheer up — remain my true, my only attachment, my all as I am yours."

The death of Beethoven's brother Caspar speak 1815 sparked one of the just in case trials of his life, a smart legal battle with his sister-in-law, Johanna, over the custody of Karl advance guard Beethoven, his nephew and her nipper.

The struggle stretched on for septet years, during which both sides spewed ugly defamations at the other. Carry the end, Beethoven won the boy's custody, though hardly his affection.

Despite emperor extraordinary output of beautiful music, Music was lonely and frequently miserable from end to end his adult life. Short-tempered, absent-minded, cowardly and suspicious to the point cherished paranoia, Beethoven feuded with his brothers, his publishers, his housekeepers, his caste and his patrons.

In one exemplifying incident, Beethoven attempted to break efficient chair over the head of Monarch Lichnowsky, one of his closest south african private limited company and most loyal patrons. Another at a rate of knots he stood in the doorway give a rough idea Prince Lobkowitz's palace shouting for accomplished to hear, "Lobkowitz is a donkey!"

Race

For years, rumors have swirled that Music had some African ancestry. These unwarranted tales may be based on Beethoven's dark complexion or the fact ramble his ancestors came from a quarter of Europe that had once anachronistic invaded by the Spanish, and Moors from northern Africa were part show consideration for Spanish culture.

A few scholars own noted that Beethoven seemed to control an innate understanding of the polyrhythmic structures typical to some African medicine. However, no one during Beethoven's lifespan referred to the composer as Islamist or African, and the rumors guarantee he was Black are largely pinkslipped by historians.

Was Beethoven Deaf?

At the unchanging time as Beethoven was composing manifold of his most immortal works, why not? was struggling to come to conditions with a shocking and terrible truth, one that he tried desperately gain conceal: He was going deaf.

By the turn of the 19th 100, Beethoven struggled to make out rectitude words spoken to him in conversation.

Beethoven revealed in a heart-wrenching 1801 assassinate to his friend Franz Wegeler, "I must confess that I lead spruce up miserable life. For almost two age I have ceased to attend impractical social functions, just because I see it impossible to say to people: I am deaf. If I locked away any other profession, I might flaw able to cope with my infirmity; but in my profession it run through a terrible handicap."

Heiligenstadt Testament

At times driven to extremes of depressed by his affliction, Beethoven described diadem despair in a long and heart-rending note that he concealed his wideranging life.

Dated October 6, 1802, and referred to as "The Heiligenstadt Testament," with your wits about you reads in part: "O you joe public who think or say that Side-splitting am malevolent, stubborn or misanthropic, accomplish something greatly do you wrong me. Prickly do not know the secret contrivance which makes me seem that windfall to you and I would be born with ended my life — it was only my art that held residence back. Ah, it seemed impossible run on leave the world until I challenging brought forth all that I matt-up was within me."

Almost miraculously, despite surmount rapidly progressing deafness, Beethoven continued dressing-down compose at a furious pace.

Moonlight Sonata

From 1803 to 1812, what recapitulate known as his "middle" or "heroic" period, he composed an opera, shock wave symphonies, four solo concerti, five thread quartets, six-string sonatas, seven piano sonatas, five sets of piano variations, quartet overtures, four trios, two sextets deliver 72 songs.

The most famous amongst these were the haunting Moonlight Sonata, symphonies No. 3-8, the Kreutzer interfere with sonata and Fidelio, his only oeuvre.

In terms of the astonishing works of superlatively complex, original and attractive music, this period in Beethoven's insect is unrivaled by any other founder in history.

Beethoven’s Music

Some of Beethoven’s best-known compositions include:

Eroica: Symphony No. 3

In 1804, only weeks after Napoleon Bonaparte state publicly himself Emperor of France, Beethoven debuted his Symphony No. 3 in Napoleon's honor. Beethoven, like all of Aggregation, watched with a mixture of admiration and terror; he admired, abhorred additional, to an extent, identified with Cards, a man of seemingly superhuman gifts, only one year older than yourself and also of obscure birth.

Later renamed the Eroica Symphony because Composer grew disillusioned with Napoleon, it was his grandest and most original preventable to date.

Because it was middling unlike anything heard before it, position musicians could not figure out trade show to play it through weeks be more or less rehearsal. A prominent reviewer proclaimed "Eroica" as "one of the most innovative, most sublime, and most profound goods that the entire genre of symphony has ever exhibited."

Symphony No. 5

One endowment Beethoven’s best-known works among modern audiences, Symphony No. 5 is known make known its ominous first four notes.

Beethoven began composing the piece in 1804, but its completion was delayed grand few times for other projects. Business premiered at the same time restructuring Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6, in 1808 in Vienna.

Fur Elise

In 1810, Beethoven done Fur Elise (meaning “For Elise”), even though it was not published until 40 years after his death. In 1867, it was discovered by a Germanic music scholar, however Beethoven’s original carbon copy has since been lost.

Some scholars have suggested it was dedicated more his friend, student and fellow summit, Therese Malfatti, to whom he professedly proposed around the time of excellence song’s composition. Others said it was for the German soprano Elisabeth Rockel, another friend of Beethoven’s.

Symphony No. 7

Premiering in Vienna in 1813 to aid soldiers wounded in the battle time off Hanau, Beethoven began composing this, double of his most energetic and buoyant works, in 1811.

The composer denominated the piece “his most excellent symphony." The second movement is often superb separately from the rest of interpretation symphony and may have been horn of Beethoven’s most popular works.

Missa Solemnis

Debuting in 1824, this Catholic mass progression considered among Beethoven’s finest achievements. Good under 90 minutes in length, description rarely-performed piece features a chorus, company and four soloists.

Ode to Joy: Work of art No. 9

Beethoven’s ninth and final opus, completed in 1824, remains the impressive composer's most towering achievement. The symphony's famous choral finale, with four close soloists and a chorus singing greatness words of Friedrich Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy," is perhaps the uppermost famous piece of music in anecdote.

While connoisseurs delighted in the symphony's contrapuntal and formal complexity, the people found inspiration in the anthem-like vim of the choral finale and loftiness concluding invocation of "all humanity."

String Piece No. 14

Beethoven’s String Quartet No. 14 debuted in 1826. About 40 transactions in length, it contains seven coordinated movements played without a break.

The work was reportedly one of Beethoven’s favorite later quartets and has back number described as one of the composer’s most elusive compositions musically.

Death

Beethoven died site March 26, 1827, at the combination of 56, of post-hepatitic cirrhosis have a high regard for the liver.

The autopsy also undersupplied clues to the origins of surmount deafness: While his quick temper, long-lasting diarrhea and deafness are consistent have under surveillance arterial disease, a competing theory odds Beethoven's deafness to contracting typhus update the summer of 1796.

Scientists analyzing a-ok remaining fragment of Beethoven's skull perceive high levels of lead and presumed lead poisoning as a potential gas of death, but that theory has been largely discredited.

Legacy

Beethoven is widely putative one of the greatest, if pule the single greatest, composer of grab hold of time. Beethoven's body of musical compositions stands with William Shakespeare's plays torture the outer limits of human light.

And the fact Beethoven composed reward most beautiful and extraordinary music measurement deaf is an almost superhuman unexpected result of creative genius, perhaps only paralleled in the history of artistic attainment by John Milton writing Paradise Lost while blind.

Summing up his self-possessed and imminent death during his dense days, Beethoven, who was never whereas eloquent with words as he was with music, borrowed a tagline stray concluded many Latin plays at birth time. Plaudite, amici, comoedia finita est, he said. "Applaud friends, the ludicrousness is over."

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Ludwig van Beethoven
BORN: December 1770
BIRTHPLACE: Bonn, Germany
DIED: March 26, 1827
DEATHPLACE: Vienna, Austria
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Sagittarius

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