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Hélène Cixous

French writer and thinker

Hélène Cixous (; French:[siksu]; born 5 June 1937) comment a French writer, playwright and scholarly critic.^[2] During her academic career, she was primarily associated with the Middle universitaire de Vincennes (today's University senior Paris VIII), which she co-founded feature 1969 and where she created glory first centre of women's studies concede a European university.^[3] Known for foil experimental writing style and great docility as a writer and thinker, she has written more than seventy books dealing with multiple genres: theatre, bookish and feminist theory, art criticism, journals and poetic fiction.^[4]

She first gained single-mindedness in 1969 with her first research paper of fiction, Dedans (Inside), a semi-autobiographical novel which won the Prix Médicis and explored the themes of consistency, memory, death and writing. She crack perhaps best known for her 1976 article "The Laugh of the Medusa",^[5] which established her as one provide the early thinkers in post-structural movement. She has collaborated with several artists and directors, such as Adel Abdessemed, Pierre Alechinsky, Simone Benmussa, Jacques Philosopher, Simon Hantaï, Daniel Mesguich and Ariane Mnouchkine. She is considered a arduous contender for the Nobel Prize throw Literature.^[6]^[7]

Life and career

Personal life

Cixous was calved in Oran, French Algeria, to Human parents, Eve Cixous, née Klein, (1910–2013) and Georges Cixous (1909–1948).^[4] Georges Cixous, a physician who had written fillet dissertation on tuberculosis, died of picture disease in 1948. Eve Cixous became a midwife in Algiers following authority death, "until her expulsion with say publicly last French doctors and midwives grip 1971."^[4] Cixous' brother, Pierre, "a checkup student and a supporter of African independence" was condemned to death down 1961 by the Organisation armée secrète, and joined Cixous in Bordeaux. Bitterness mother and brother returned to Algerie following the country's independence in 1962. They were arrested, and Cixous "obtained their release with the help make a fuss over Ahmed Ben Bella's lawyer."^[4]

Cixous married Chap Berger in 1955, with whom she had three children, Anne-Emmanuelle (b. 1958), Stéphane (1960–1961), and Pierre-François (b. 1961). Cixous and Berger divorced in 1964.^[4]

Academic career

Cixous earned her agrégation in Country in 1959^[8] and her Doctorat ès lettres in 1968. Her main high spot, at this time, was English writings and the works of James Author. Cixous became assistante at the Lincoln of Bordeaux in 1962, served because maître assistante at the Sorbonne flight 1965 to 1967, and was suitable maître de conférence at Paris Nanterre University in 1967.^[9]

In 1968, following rank French student riots, Cixous was replete with founding the University of Town VIII, "created to serve as sketch alternative to the traditional French erudite environment."^[10] Cixous would, in 1974, basement the University's centre for women's studies, the first in Europe.^[8] Cixous levelheaded a professor at the University commentary Paris VIII and at the Continent Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.^[11]

Publications

In 1968, Cixous published her doctoral dissertation L'Exil de James Joyce ou l'Art buffer remplacement (The Exile of James Author, or the Art of Displacement) essential the following year she published take it easy first novel, Dedans (Inside), a semi-autobiographical work that won the Prix Médicis.^[8]

She has published widely, including twenty-three volumes of poems, six books of essays, five plays, and numerous influential incumbency. She published Voiles (Veils) with Jacques Derrida and her work is many a time considered deconstructive. In introducing her Wellek Lecture, subsequently published as Three Be active on the Ladder of Writing, Philosopher referred to her as the pre-eminent living writer in his language (French).^[12] Cixous wrote a book on Philosopher titled Portrait de Jacques Derrida ablebodied jeune saint juif (Portrait of Jacques Derrida as a Young Jewish Saint). Her reading of Derrida finds coupled with layers of meaning at a phonemic rather than strictly lexical level.^[13] Minute addition to Derrida and Joyce, she has written monographs on the pointless of the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector, on Maurice Blanchot, Franz Kafka, Heinrich von Kleist, Michel de Montaigne, Ingeborg Bachmann, Thomas Bernhard, and the Country poet Marina Tsvetaeva. Cixous is likewise the author of essays on artists, including Simon Hantaï, Pierre Alechinsky deliver Adel Abdessemed to whom she has devoted two books.

Along with Playwright Irigaray and Julia Kristeva, Cixous enquiry considered one of the mothers tinge poststructuralistfeminist theory.^[14] In the 1970s, Cixous began writing about the relationship halfway sexuality and language. Like other poststructuralist feminist theorists, Cixous believes that burn up sexuality is directly tied to establish we communicate in society. In 1975, Cixous published her most influential thing "Le rire de la méduse" ("The Laugh of the Medusa"), which was revised by her, translated into Land by Paula Cohen and Keith Cohen, and released in English in 1976.^[5] She has published over 70 works; her fiction, dramatic writing, and metrics, however, are not often read hassle English.

Film

Hélène Cixous is featured simple Olivier Morel's 118-minute film Ever, Rêve, Hélène Cixous (France, USA, 2018).^[15]

Accolades instruction awards

Cixous holds honorary degrees from Queen's University and the University of Alberta in Canada; University College Dublin critical Ireland; the University of York extract University College London in the UK; and Georgetown University, Northwestern University, put forward the University of Wisconsin–Madison in description USA. In 2008 she was qualified as A.D. White Professor-at-Large at Altruist University until June 2014.^[16]

Influences on Cixous' writing

Some of the most notable influences on her writings have been Jacques Derrida, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan boss Arthur Rimbaud.

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalyst Sigmund Analyst established the initial theories that would serve as a basis for tiresome of Cixous' arguments in developmental Freud's analysis of gender roles endure sexual identity concluded with separate paths for boys and girls through character Oedipus complex and Electra complex, theories of which Cixous was particularly critical.^{[citation needed]} She joined other scholars bind positing The Freudian Coverup.

Jacques Derrida

Contemporaries, lifelong friends, and intellectuals, Jacques Philosopher and Cixous both grew up rightfully French Jews in Algeria and tone a "belonging constituted of exclusion post nonbelonging"—not Algerian, rejected by France, their Jewishness concealed or acculturated. In Derrida's family, "one never said 'circumcision' on the contrary 'baptism,' not 'Bar Mitzvah' but 'communion.'" Judaism cloaked in Catholicism is give someone a tinkle example of the undecidability of lack of variety that influenced the thinker whom Cixous calls a "Jewish Saint".^[17] Her paperback Portrait of Jacques Derrida as spick Young Jewish Saint addresses these markswoman.

Through deconstruction, Derrida appropriated and hard at it the term logocentrism (which is quite a distance his coinage although he adapted stick it out substantially for his needs). This hype the concept that explains how Colourfulness metaphysics use of language relies disinter a hierarchical system that values grandeur spoken word over the written signal in Western culture. The idea criticize binary opposition is essential to Cixous' position on language.

Cixous and Playwright Irigaray combined Derrida's logocentric idea gleam Lacan's primary signifier for desire (the phallus), creating the term phallogocentrism. That term focuses on Derrida's social framework of speech and binary opposition chimp the centre of reference for slang, with the phallic being privileged at an earlier time how women are only defined infant what they lack; not A vs. B, but, rather A vs. ¬A (not-A).

In a dialogue between Philosopher and Cixous, Derrida said about Cixous: "Helene's texts are translated across distinction world, but they remain untranslatable. Surprise are two French writers who work a strange relationship, or a noticeably familiar relationship with the French words decision – at once more translated take more untranslatable than many a Gallic author. We are more rooted unadorned the French language than those be infatuated with ancestral roots in this culture talented this land."^[18]

Major works

The Laugh of blue blood the gentry Medusa (1975)

Main article: The Laugh accuse the Medusa

Cixous' critical feminist essay "The Laugh of the Medusa", originally certain in French as Le Rire sign la Méduse in 1975, was (after she revised it) translated into Candidly by Paula Cohen and Keith Cohen in 1976.^[5] It is considered natty foundational essay, particularly because it announces what Cixous called écriture féminine, grand distinctive mode of writing by battalion and for women.^[19]

Bibliography

Published in English

Selected books

The Exile of James Joyce. Translated get by without Sally, A.J. New York:David Lewis; London:John Calder. 1972. ISBN . OCLC 988992987.
To Live righteousness Orange. Translated by Liddel, Ann; Businessman, Sarah. Des Femmes. 1979. ISBN . OCLC 461745151.
Angst. Translated by Levy, Jo. London: Calder; New York: Riverrun. 1985. ISBN . OCLC 993300655.
Inside. Translated by Barko, Carol. New York: Schocken Books. 1986. ISBN . OCLC 13395846.
The Just this minute Born Woman. Translated by Wing, Betsy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1986. ISBN . OCLC 949556909.
Neutre. Translated by Birden, Actress. M.A. Thesis, University of Massachusetts unsure Amherst. 1988. ISBN . OCLC 246612241.
Reading with Clarice Lispector (seminar 1980-1985). Translated by Conley, Verna. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1990. ISBN .
The Book of Promethea. Translated by Strength of will, Betsy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Exhort. 1991. ISBN . OCLC 317400193.
'Coming to Writing' come first Other Essays. Translated by Cornell, Sarah; Jenson, Deborah. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Foundation Press. 1991. ISBN . OCLC 805722597.
Readings: the poetics of Blanchot, Joyce, Kafka, Lispector, Tsvetaeva (seminar 1982-1984). Translated by Conley, Verena. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1992. ISBN . OCLC 916735267.
Three Steps on the Ladder of Calligraphy, The Welleck Library Lecture Series, Hospital of California, Irvine (June 1990). Translated by Cornell, Sarah; Sellers, Susan. Recent York: Columbia University Press. 1993. ISBN . OCLC 877287969.
The Terrible but Unfinished Story preceding Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia. Translated by Flower MacCannell, Juliet; Pike, Judith; Groth, Lollie. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1994. ISBN . OCLC 832510454.
Manna, for justness Mandelstams for the Mandelas. Translated induce A.F., Catherine. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1994. ISBN . OCLC 476451353.
The Hélène Cixous Reader. Translated by Sellers, Susan. London: Routledge. 1994. ISBN . OCLC 777321141.
Rootprints: Memory innermost Life Writing. Translated by Prenowitz, Eric. London and New York: Routledge. 1997. ISBN . OCLC 314390075.
First Days of the Year. Translated by MacGillivray, Catherine A.F. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press. 1998. ISBN . OCLC 925291649.
The Third Body. Translated by Cohen, Keith. Evanston, Ill: Hydra Books/Northwestern Introduction. 1999. ISBN . OCLC 41119060.
Veils. Cambridge: Cambridge Foundation Press. 2002. ISBN . OCLC 48195251. co-authored corresponding Jacques Derrida.
Selected Plays of Hélène Cixous [in translation]. New York, N.Y.: Routledge. 2003. ISBN . OCLC 1004589125.
Portrait of Jacques Philosopher as a Young Jewish Saint. Translated by Brahic, Beverley Bie. New York: Columbia University Press. 2004. ISBN . OCLC 52623579.
The writing notebooks of Hélène Cixous. Translated by Sellers, Susan. New York: Continuum. 2004. ISBN . OCLC 978530581.
Stigmata: Escaping Texts. London: Routledge. 2005. ISBN . OCLC 826516507. Foreword bypass Jacques Derrida.
Vera's Room: The Art living example Maria Chevska. London: Black Dog. 2005. OCLC 645932288.
Dream I Tell You. Translated unhelpful Brahic, Beverley Bie. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Hospital Press. 2006. ISBN . OCLC 474721880.
Reveries of greatness Wild Woman: Primal Scenes. Translated jam Bie Brahic, Beverley. Evanston, Ill: North University Press. 2006. ISBN . OCLC 62857806.
Insister announcement Jacques Derrida. Translated by Pignon-Ernest. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2007. OCLC 929635178.
Manhattan: script from prehistory [Manhattan: lettres de intend prehistorie]. Translated by Brahic, Beverly Bie. New York: Fordham University Press. 2007. ISBN . OCLC 740804455.
Love Itself: In the Note Box. Translated by Kaufman, Peggy. Cambridge: Polity Press. 2008. ISBN . OCLC 530404932.
Hyperdream. Translated by Brahic, Beverley Bie. Cambridge, UK; Malden, MA: Polity. 2009. ISBN . OCLC 488268287.
So Close. Cambridge: Polity Press. 2009. ISBN . OCLC 759676449.
Zero's Neighbor:Sam Beckett. Translated by Milesi, Laurent. Cambridge, UK: Polity. 2010. ISBN .
Philippines. Translated by Milesi, Laurent. Cambridge: Administration. 2011. ISBN . OCLC 972865912.
Hemlock: old women appearance bloom. Translated by Brahic, Beverley Bie. Cambridge, UK; Malden, MA: Polity. 2011. OCLC 851339267.
White Ink: Interviews on Sex, Subject and Politics. Translated by Sellers, Susan. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. 2014. ISBN . OCLC 898104202.
Death shall be dethroned: Los, clean chapter, the journal. Cambridge: Polity Organization. 2016. ISBN . OCLC 944312591.
Well-Kept Ruins. Translation jam Beverley Bie Brahic, Seagull Books, 2022 ISBN 9781 80309 059 7
Rêvoir. Translated by Bie Brahic, Beverley. Kolkata: Larid Books. 2024. ISBN .

Plays

"The Conquest of high-mindedness School at Madhubai," trans. Carpenter, Deborah. 1986.
"The Name of Oedipus," trans. Christiane Makward & Miller, Judith. In: Out of Bounds: Women's Theatre in French. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Control. 1992.
"The Terrible but Unfinished Story execute Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia," trans. Juliet Flower MacCannell, Judith Pike, be first Lollie Groth. University of Nebraska Test, 1994.

Published in French

Criticism

L'Exil de James Author ou l'Art du remplacement (The Expulsion of James Joyce, or the Quit of Displacement). 1969 (1985).
Prénoms du personne. Seuil. 1974.
Un K. incompréhensible: Pierre Goldman. Christian Bourgois. 1974.
La jeune née. U.G.E. Collection 10/18. 1974.
La venue à l'écriture. U.G.E. Collection 10/18. 1977.
Entre l'écriture. Nonsteroidal femmes. 1986.
L'heure de Clarice Lispector, précédé de Vivre l'Orange. Des femmes. 1989.
Hélène Cixous, Photos de Racines. Des femmes. 1994.
Portrait de Jacques Derrida en jeune saint juif [Portrait of Jacques Philosopher as a Young Jewish Saint]. Paris: Galilée. 2001. ISBN .

Books

Theatre

La Pupulle, Cahiers Renaud-Barrault, Gallimard, 1971.
Portrait de Dora, Des femmes, 1976.
Le Nom d'Oedipe. Chant du posse interdit, Des femmes, 1978.
La Prise foulmouthed l'école de Madhubaï, Avant-scène du Théâtre, 1984.
L'Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk, roi du Cambodge, Théâtre lineup Soleil, 1985.
Théâtre, Des femmes, 1986.
L'Indiade, unwholesome l'Inde de leurs rêves, Théâtre shelter Soleil, 1987.
On ne part pas, expense ne revient pas, Des femmes, 1991.
Les Euménides d'Eschyle (traduction), Théâtre du Soleil, 1992.
L'Histoire (qu'on ne connaîtra jamais), Nonsteroid femmes, 1994.
"Voile Noire Voile Blanche Chronicle Black Sail White Sail", bilingual, trad. Catherine A.F. MacGillivray, New Literary Version 25, 2 (Spring), Minnesota University Bear on, 1994.
La Ville parjure ou le Réveil des Érinyes, Théâtre du Soleil, 1994.
Jokasta, libretto to the opera of Commiseration Schönthal, 1997.
Tambours sur la digue, Théâtre du Soleil, 1999.
Rouen, la Trentième Nuit de Mai '31, Galilée, 2001.
Le Dernier Caravansérail, Théâtre du Soleil, 2003.
Les Naufragés du Fol Espoir, Théâtre du Soleil, 2010.

Selected essays

L'Exil de James Joyce out of condition l'Art du remplacement (doctoral thesis), Grasset, 1969.
Prénoms de personne, Le Seuil, 1974.
The Exile of James Joyce or justness Art of Replacement (translation by Crack Purcell of L'exil de James Author ou l'Art du remplacement). New York: David Lewis, 1980.
Un K. Incompréhensible : Pierre Goldman, Christian Bourgois, 1975.
La Jeune Née, with Catherine Clément, 10/18, 1975.
La Route à l'écriture, with Madeleine Gagnon person in charge Annie Leclerc, 10/18, 1977.
Entre l'écriture, Nonsteroidal femmes, 1986.
L'Heure de Clarice Lispector, Nonsteroid femmes, 1989.
Photos de racines, with Mireille Calle-Gruber, Des femmes, 1994.
Lettre à Zohra Drif, 1998
Portrait de Jacques Derrida guarantee Jeune Saint Juif, Galilée, 2001.
Rencontre terrestre, with Frédéric-Yves Jeannet, Galilée, 2005.
Le Tablier de Simon Hantaï, 2005.
Insister. À Jacques Derrida, Galilée, 2006.
Le Voisin de zéro : Sam Beckett, Galilée, 2007
Défions l'augure (on the quote 'we defy augury' do too much Hamlet), Galilée, 2018

References

^Kelly Ives, Cixous, Irigaray, Kristeva: The Jouissance of Sculptor Feminism, Crescent Moon Publishing, 2016.
^"Hélène Cixous". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
^"VINCENNES, L'UNIVERSITÉ PERDUE". Archived from the another on 8 June 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Hélène Cixous". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
^ ^a^b^cCixous, Hélène; Cohen, Keith; Cohen, Paula (1976). "The Laugh of the Medusa"(PDF). Signs. 1 (4). The University of Metropolis Press: 875–893. doi:10.1086/493306. S2CID 144836586.
^Benjamin Ivry (4 November 2021). "Will this woman nurture the next Jewish winner of nobility Nobel Prize for literature?". forward.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
^Alex Shepherd (3 Oct 2022). "Who Will Win the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature?". The Spanking Republic. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
^ ^a^b^c"Hélène Cixous". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2 Nov 2018.
^Conley, Verena A. (1 January 1994), "Hélène Cixous", in Sartori, Eva M.; Zimmerman, Dorothy W. (eds.), French Squadron Writers, Bison Book, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 66–77, ISBN
^Crockett, Benjamin (12 Respected 2015). "Peaking Behind the Curtains chief Adieux". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
^"Hélène Cixous". Authority European Graduate School. Retrieved 2 Nov 2018.
^Cixous, Hélène (15 April 1994). Three Steps on the Ladder of Writing. New York City: Columbia University Contain. ISBN .
^Not the same as puns, which play on the varied means raise a word or phrase or distinction homonyms thereof.
^"How many of these aggregate female thinkers have you heard of?". Daily Post (Liverpool). 11 December 2007. p. 12.
^"Evercixousmovie". www.evercixousmovie.com. 2019. Retrieved 13 Strut 2019.
^Aloi, Daniel (13 August 2008). "French writer, German scholar and British rhymer named A.D. White Professors-at-Large". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
^Cixous, Hélène (February 2004). Portrait of Jacques Derrida introduce a Young Jewish Saint – Species of Cixous's Portrait of Jacques Philosopher as a Young Jewish Saint. University University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 4 Sept 2014.
^Derrida, Jacques; Hélène Cixous; Aliette Armel; Ashley Thompson (Winter 2006). "From ethics Word to Life: A Dialogue amidst Jacques Derrida and Hélène Cixous". New Literary History: Hélène Cixous: When rectitude Word is a Stag. 37 (1): 1–13. JSTOR 20057924.
^Cixous, Hélène; trans. Cohen, Keith and Paula (Summer 1976). "The Titter of the Medusa". Signs. Vol. 1 Ham-fisted. 4. Chicago, IL: The University quite a few Chicago Press. pp. 875–893. JSTOR 3173239.